The guilds recognize several types of masterworks. Some are individual, such as the works required for guild certification; some are the works of retired Masters, and some are the works of the “Meilleurs Ouvriers de France,” (“Best Craftsmen of France”) a title bestowed on master craftsmen who are recognized nationally after passing a special competition). Others are collective, like the works submitted for competition, display, or prestige.
Masterworks for Certification :
Each candidate for guild certification must complete a tour of France, during which he learns the various techniques of his trade as a journeyman. After his tour, he must demonstrate his professional skill. He does this by creating a masterwork which is examined in detail by a jury of guild masters. If his work is satisfactory, the candidate is accepted to the profession and becomes a full guild member.
Masterworks for the “Meilleurs Ouvriers de France” :
The competition for the “Meilleurs Ouvriers de France” (“Best Craftsmen of France”) was held for the first time in 1924. Each year, a theme is chosen. Guild members often take part in this competition. For example, Alexandre Morel, Master Carpenter of “The Duty of Freedom” Guild, won prizes twice — in 1924, he was recognized for a double-turn staircase, and in 1927, recognized again for a work in fine carpentry.
Collective Masterworks :
Collective works were intended for display at World’s Fairs to showcase the knowledge and skill of the guilds. One such example is the grand masterwork of “The Duty of Freedom” guild of Lyon, which took First Prize at the Paris World’s Fair in 1900.
“Prestige masterworks” were exceptional work which the guilds showed off with pride. The works of Pierre-François Guillon, completed between 1864 and 1914, belong to this category.
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